Lattice Energy Calculator (Born-Haber)

Born-Haber Cycle

Calculate lattice energy from thermodynamic cycle data

ΔH°f (formation of compound, kJ/mol)

ΔH sublimation of metal (kJ/mol)

Ionization energy of metal (kJ/mol)

½ Bond dissociation of X₂ (kJ/mol)

Electron affinity of nonmetal (kJ/mol)

Born-Lande Estimation

Estimate lattice energy using the Born-Lande equation

Madelung Constant (A)

Cation Charge (z+)

Anion Charge (z-)

Interionic Distance r₀ (pm)

Born Exponent (n)

Known Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compound

Formula

U = ΔH°f - ΔH_sub - IE - ½D - EA (Born-Haber) | U = -(N_A × A × z+ × z- × e²)/(4πε₀r₀) × (1 - 1/n) (Born-Lande)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is lattice energy?

Lattice energy is the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form one mole of an ionic solid, or equivalently, the energy required to separate one mole of solid ionic compound into gaseous ions. It indicates the strength of ionic bonding.

What factors affect lattice energy?

Lattice energy increases with higher ion charges and smaller ionic radii. For example, MgO (2+/2- charges) has much higher lattice energy than NaCl (1+/1-). This explains trends in melting points and solubility of ionic compounds.

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