Network Latency Calculator

Latency comes from propagation delay (speed of light through fiber/copper), routing delays (processing at each network hop), serialization delay (time to push bits onto the wire), and queuing delay (waiting in router buffers). Physical distance is often the dominant factor -- light in fiber travels at ~200,000 km/s.

Under 100ms RTT feels instant. 100-300ms is noticeable but acceptable. Over 500ms feels slow. Google recommends server response under 200ms. For real-time apps (gaming, video calls), under 50ms is ideal. Use CDNs and edge computing to reduce latency for distant users.