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Punnett Square Calculator

Monohybrid Cross

Cross two parents for a single gene with two alleles

Formula

Punnett Square: List alleles from each parent along rows and columns, then combine to find all possible offspring genotypes. Genotype ratio from Aa × Aa = 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa. Phenotype ratio = 3 dominant : 1 recessive.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Punnett square?
A Punnett square is a diagram used in genetics to predict the genotypes of offspring from a particular cross. It shows all possible combinations of alleles from two parents and the probability of each outcome.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup (e.g., AA, Aa, aa), while phenotype is the observable trait. In simple dominance, both AA and Aa show the dominant phenotype, whereas only aa shows the recessive phenotype.
What ratio does a heterozygous monohybrid cross produce?
A cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) produces a 1:2:1 genotype ratio (1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa) and a 3:1 phenotype ratio (3 dominant : 1 recessive).

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