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Solar Panel in Space Calculator

Solar Panel in Space

Calculate the solar radiation intensity and power output of a solar panel at any distance from the Sun, accounting for the inverse square law.

Formula

Solar Intensity = 1361 / d^2 (W/m2); Power = Intensity x Panel Area x Efficiency

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the solar constant?
The solar constant is approximately 1,361 W/m2, the average solar radiation intensity at Earth distance (1 AU) from the Sun.
How does solar intensity change with distance?
Solar intensity follows the inverse square law. At 2 AU, intensity is only one-quarter of what it is at 1 AU. At Jupiter (5.2 AU), it is only about 3.7 percent of Earth levels.
Can solar panels work in the outer solar system?
Solar panels become impractical beyond Jupiter due to low light levels. The Juno spacecraft at Jupiter uses very large panels, while missions to Saturn and beyond typically rely on nuclear power sources.

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